latex2pdf

Posted: February 22nd, 2004 ·

1 Comment (Show Comments)

1. PPPP (March 27, 2007 at 8:08 am)

   \documentclass[12pt]{article}

   \usepackage{amsmath} % need for subequations
   \usepackage{graphicx} % need for figures
   \usepackage{verbatim} % useful for program listings
   \usepackage{color} % use if color is used in text
   \usepackage{subfigure} % use for side-by-side figures
   \usepackage{hyperref} % use for hypertext links, including those to external documents and URLs

   % don’t need the following. simply use defaults
   \setlength{\baselineskip}{16.0pt} % 16 pt usual spacing between lines

   \setlength{\parskip}{3pt plus 2pt}
   \setlength{\parindent}{20pt}
   \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.5cm}
   \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.5cm}
   \setlength{\marginparsep}{0.75cm}
   \setlength{\marginparwidth}{2.5cm}
   \setlength{\marginparpush}{1.0cm}
   \setlength{\textwidth}{150mm}

   \begin{comment}
   \pagestyle{empty} % use if page numbers not wanted
   \end{comment}

   % above is the preamble

   \begin{document}

   \begin{center}
   {\large Introduction to \LaTeX} \\ % \\ = new line
   \copyright 2006 by Harvey Gould \\
   December 5, 2006
   \end{center}

   \section{Introduction}
   \TeX\ looks more difficult than it is. It is
   almost as easy as $\pi$. See how easy it is to make special
   symbols such as $\alpha$,
   $\beta$, $\gamma$,
   $\delta$, $\sin x$, $\hbar$, $\lambda$, $\ldots$ We also can make
   subscripts
   $A_{x}$, $A_{xy}$ and superscripts, $e^x$, $e^{x^2}$, and
   $e^{a^b}$. We will use \LaTeX, which is based on \TeX\ and has
   many higher-level commands (macros) for formatting, making
   tables, etc. More information can be found in Ref.~\cite{latex}.

   We just made a new paragraph. Extra lines and spaces make no
   difference. Note that all formulas are enclosed by
   \$ and occur in \textit{math mode}.

   The default font is Computer Modern. It includes \textit{italics},
   \textbf{boldface},
   \textsl{slanted}, and \texttt{monospaced} fonts.

   \section{Equations}
   Let us see how easy it is to write equations.
   \begin{equation}
   \Delta =\sum_{i=1}^N w_i (x_i – \bar{x})^2 .
   \end{equation}
   It is a good idea to number equations, but we can have a
   equation without a number by writing
   \begin{equation}
   P(x) = \frac{x – a}{b – a} , \nonumber
   \end{equation}
   and
   \begin{equation}
   g = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{2\pi} . \nonumber
   \end{equation}

   We can give an equation a label so that we can refer to it later.
   \begin{equation}
   \label{eq:ising}
   E = -J \sum_{i=1}^N s_i s_{i+1} ,
   \end{equation}
   Equation~\eqref{eq:ising} expresses the energy of a configuration
   of spins in the Ising model.\footnote{It is necessary to process (typeset) a
   file twice to get the counters correct.}

   We can define our own macros to save typing. For example, suppose
   that we introduce the macros:
   \begin{verbatim}
   \newcommand{\lb}{{\langle}}
   \newcommand{\rb}{{\rangle}}
   \end{verbatim}
   \newcommand{\lb}{{\langle}}
   \newcommand{\rb}{{\rangle}}
   Then we can write the average value of $x$ as
   \begin{verbatim}
   \begin{equation}
   \lb x \rb = 3
   \end{equation}
   \end{verbatim}
   The result is
   \begin{equation}
   \lb x \rb = 3 .
   \end{equation}

   Examples of more complicated equations:
   \begin{equation}
   I = \! \int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)\,dx \label{eq:fine}.
   \end{equation}
   We can do some fine tuning by adding small amounts of horizontal
   spacing:
   \begin{verbatim}
   \, small space \! negative space
   \end{verbatim}
   as is done in Eq.~\eqref{eq:fine}.

   We also can align several equations:
   \begin{align}
   a & = b \\
   c &= d ,
   \end{align}
   or number them as subequations:
   \begin{subequations}
   \begin{align}
   a & = b \\
   c &= d .
   \end{align}
   \end{subequations}

   We can also have different cases:
   \begin{equation}
   \label{eq:mdiv}
   m(T) =
   \begin{cases}
   0 & \text{$T > T_c$} \\
   \bigl(1 – [\sinh 2 \beta J]^{-4} \bigr)^{\! 1/8} & \text{$T

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